Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples Essay

The Native Americans were slaves from the north to the South of the Americas and right across the North American continent. The percentage of Native American slaves was larger than black slaves and they were enslaved far longer than Black slaves. Native Americans were slaves for about 500 years, from the 1400s to the 1900s. Native Americans slaves were for 200 years before African Americans made it to the new world. The slaves of Native American were shipped to several areas around the world, the Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East. [1] Native Americans were slaves even after slavery was removed because they were not citizens and the laws did not apply to them, the first Native American group was under Columbus, about 200,000 natives were harshly enslaved by him. Only 500 survived by the year 1550 and the group were extinct before 1650. [2] When Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in the late 1400s, his goal was to take all it natural resources and take it to Spain, he named it the new resource for Spain. Columbus figured an opportunity to convert the natives to Christianity, to provide another trade point with his mother country, and to learn about a vast extent of the agriculture and animals, as well as interesting cultures that the Old World had ever seen. However, one of the strongest causes of this difference in objectives was Hernando Cortes. Hernando Cortes’s purpose for the occupation of present-day Mexico was the conquest of the native peoples. Through harsh force and dishonesty, he destroyed the native tribes, making the Aztec Empire his own empire. In Bartolome de Las Casas writing about the indigenous peoples, witnessed a massive murder of the original people of Cuba, and became an opponent to the violent conversion of the Native Americans. He is considered the Father of Liberation Theology, arguing with Juan Gines de Sepulveda. De las Casas argued that Native Americans should be treated as other Spanish subjects of the king. He suggested that instead of making the Native Americans slaves, the Spanish should ship Africans to the New World for use as slave labor. [3] Alonso Zuazo said in his writings about the native Americans that the. Indians would serve as slaves for the Europeans in the sugar cane plantation in the coasts of Northern Africa. The main thing he was focused on was when the enslaving of the natives was failing in the sixteenth century; they wanted to replace them with slaves from western Africa. He found out that Africans were better slaves than the Native Americans because they came from agricultural societies and they know about agriculture more than the Native Americans. [4] Native Americans interacted with enslaved Africans in every way possible. Native Americans were enslaved along with Africans, They worked together, lived together in the same houses, produced recipes for food, shared herbal remedies, myths and legends, and in the end they breed together. Because both races were non-Christian, Europeans considered them under the Europeans. They worked to make enemies of the two groups. In some areas, Native Americans began to slowly engage with white culture. Africans were not affected with the conditions and diseases. It was because the Africans were already in contact with the Europeans when they had started trading with one another. Europeans felt they could handle the climate because of their skin color. Many Native Americans started to die because of the diseases. A lot of the Native Americans also started to escape and fight back, and many of them died. They also felt that Africans were cheaper. The Native Americans were less resistant to the diseases that the Europeans brought with them. In North America, the conquerors at first weren’t thinking of taking take Native Americans as slaves because they lived a harsh life that needed to be at peace with the Natives to continue. There were more Africans available and the Europeans found it more meaningful to buy Africans from Africans than to attempt to capture Indians. [5] Bibliography: Ivison, Duncan, Paul Patton, and Will Sanders. Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 2nd ed. publication place: Cambridge University Press, publication year. http://books. google. com/books? hl=en&lr=&id=JkqahTHpUmUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA36&dq=exploitation+of+indigenous+peoples&ots=DojNLSzhZd&sig=oW_5zCg8jDjBuKeOQbRVDVO9x9Q#v=onepage&q=exploitation%20of%20indigenous%20peoples&f=false (accessed November 23, 2012). Saco, J. A. â€Å"Alonso de Zuazo (1518). † http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu. http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/active_learning/explorations/spain/spain_zuazo. cfm (accessed November 23, 2012). TAINO-L. â€Å"Bartolome de Las Casas and His Defence of the Indians. † http://www. hartford-hwp. com. http://www. hartford-hwp. com/archives/40/186. html (accessed November 26, 2012). Columbus, Christopher. â€Å"Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain, Describing the Results of the First Voyage. † www. xroads. virginia. edu. http://xroads.virginia. edu/†¦ hyper/hns/garden/columbus. html (accessed November 26, 2012). ———————– [1] Duncan Ivison, Paul Patton, and Will Sanders, Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2nd ed. (publication place: Cambridge University Press, publication year), 36-39, http://books. google. com/books? hl=en&lr=&id=JkqahTHpUmUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA36&dq=exploitation+of+indigenous+peoples&ots=DojNLSzhZd&sig=oW_5zCg8jDjBuKeOQbRVDVO9x9Q#v=onepage&q=exploitation%20of%20indigenous%20peoples&f=false (accessed November 23, 2012). [2] TAINO-L, â€Å"Bartolome de Las Casas and His Defence of the Indians,† http://www. hartford-hwp. com, http://www. hartford-hwp. com/archives/40/186. html (accessed November 26, 2012). [3] J. A. Saco, â€Å"Alonso de Zuazo (1518),† http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu, http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/active_learning/explorations/spain/spain_zuazo. cfm (accessed November 23, 2012). [4] Christopher Columbus, â€Å"Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain, Describing the Results of the First Voyage,† www. xroads. virginia. edu.

Advances in technology

This world goes through a lot of changes as time goes on. Changes in technology can make a brighter future for individuals. Because of advances in technology, this world is becoming more efficient and saving us money in the long-run with fuel, electricity, communication, etc. The social lifestyle of an individual involves technology in some way. Technology has become a necessity in these modern days and it is going to become more advanced as time goes on. With these advances in technology, the social lifestyles of individuals can be simpler. Technology moves our world forward nto a new and advanced era.Without technology, we would all be stuck in the same time as our ancestors. Technology is a very good thing for people anywhere and everywhere, no matter how old, it helps us in every aspect of our daily lives, and it is a thing that cannot be lived without. Technology has many branches and levels, from cell phones to the internet and even for medical purposes. However, cell phones an d the internet have taken the main role in changing our society. I find it truly amazing that a person from China is able to talk to a person from the United States, all hrough the internet.Programs such as facebook make finding an old childhood friend extremely easy, all that is to be done is type in their name. The advantages of technology include better health facilities due to increased disease diagnosis using technology and faster as well as more accurate business results and solutions through technology. Technology has also enabled the automation of manual work thus saving time and money. It has boosted the entertainment through games and computer programs as well as increase in economy growth due to faster and easier usiness.Without technology in our lives, our world we be a very different place. Not only does technology provide us with a new and improved way to communicate, is gives us new and exciting ways to research and get ideas out to the world faster. Technology is onl y going to get better and better as each day progresses and with the appropriate efforts and integrating it into the classroom will enhance education forever. Our advance in technology has and always will be a good thing that will always benefit our world. People's lives are becoming simpler.

Do Not Count Your Chickens Before They Hatch

We think that all the eggs a hen lays will hatch and become chickens, we may be wrong. Some of the eggs may be rotten. Others may get broken or damaged.So we cannot be sure that an off will become a chick until it has hatched. Do not be too optimistic or hopeful about a favorable outcome. We may have o  wait forthe results. A flower  and a bud are different things although it is the bud that blossoms into the  beautiful flower. But until that happens, we cannot say for sure that the bud will become  a flower. A naughty boy may pluck it off. Some bird might peck and damage the bud or a strong wind might blow and spoil it. So it is always wise not to lay too much hope on anything that we do until it becomes what we hope.It is good to be optimistic. But too much hoping many bring dejection. The  proverb  suggests that it is unwise today excess hopes on anything thatOne can plan one’s life as carefully as possible to get the maximum results out of his efforts. One can dream of bigger and better things too, for, to excel is a basic human urge. However, to be overambitious or to plan beyond what reality permits may be foolhardy and counterproductive. A chicken owner may place 20 eggs for incubation, but only less than half may hatch into chicks, other eggs going rotten.If the former had expected all the eggs to hatch into chicks, he was in for disappointment. Real situations hardly match expectations. If men are aware of this reality of life, it will be good for their mental health. Genuine efforts are expected to yield reasonable results, but that may not match what one desired. Remember, one can be sure of an event only after it had happened, not before. Desires or imaginary things are not realities. So do not count your chickens even before they are hatched. we do in our day to day life.

Critical evaluation of abortion as a social problem in the society Research Paper

Critical evaluation of abortion as a social problem in the society - Research Paper Example In such an occurrence, it becomes extremely necessary to conduct therapeutic abortion, which is prescribed by a health professional so as to save the mother. On the other hand, abortion can be induced willingly by a healthy mother so as to relieve herself from the responsibility of bearing and rearing the child, in which case it is referred to as elective abortion (Baumgardner, 2008). This paper is a critical evaluation of abortion as a social problem in the society, providing viable solutions to the menace. Abortion Abortion as discussed herein is a social problem, which has continued to remain a contentious topic of discussion internationally. This is due to the fact that different societies around the world engage in this debate from two perspectives. There are those who support it and those who feel that it should be illegalized on the basis of ethical and moral perspectives. However, several countries around the world such as the US, UK and some parts of Australia among others, have gone to the extent of legalizing abortion by enshrining it in their constitutions, while some such as Vatican city, El Salvador, Nicaragua, brazil, Mexico among others have made it illegal to have abortion irrespective of the prevailing circumstances (Beckwith, 2006). In general, at least 54 countries around the world permit abortion although some apply restrictions to avoid carelessness and irresponsibility. However, it is ironical to note that the rate of abortion in places where it is illegal matches that of places where it has been legalized (Beckwith, 2006). This is to imply that despite the efforts by these authorities to curb the menace, willing patients can acquire the services of clinics, which operate without their knowledge. According to research, approximately 45 million abortions are conducted on yearly basis. However, 50% of these are done under illegal and unsafe conditions contributing to a significantly high number of deaths, approximately 75000, and more than 3 million disabilities per year (Rosenbaun, 2005). This is a worrying trend based on the fact that, if the mortality rate emanating from abortion remains constant for 10 years, it means that more than 750000 persons would lose their lives while more than 30 million others would become disabled. Therefore, it is important to face the facts as they are and find viable solutions to this problem. The church for example has continued to uphold its moral standing, claiming that life begins at conception and therefore, harming a fetus is equivalent to murder (Beckwith, 2006). On the other hand, it remains adamant on the need to use natural methods of birth control. This may be the reason why abortion is illegal in places such as Vatican City, where the Catholic Church is most influential. However, they fail to realize that this only puts the citizens at a higher risk of performing unsafe abortions based on the fact that cartels operating illegal clinics will always establish themselves wit hout the knowledge of the authorities. Statistics indicate that at least 40% of women around the world can have access to these services, which are acquired in at most secrecy and discretion (Heary, 2009). The result is that the authorities will not have the capacity to protect these women since there is no way they can check on the qualifications of the personnel in this business as well as supervise the conditions through which abortion in these facilities is carried out. In order to find a better solution to the problem, it is important to highlight the various reasons why a woman may opt to have an abortion. To begin with, immorality in the society has continued to grow, with cases of rape, prostitution, adultery, incest and

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems Coursework

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems - Coursework Example These systems pool information sources from marketing, sales, customer service, sales and accounting databases to create one comprehensive tool. First, is the operation CRM systems, they focus on software applications integrating disconnected data sets in a business. The system has the capability to focus on customers and provide information from multiple databases on a single platform. The business employees can then provide quick service to the customer without need for many software tools to collect customer information. Another type of CRM system is the analytical CRM. It focuses on gleaning the perception of the customer from the available data in a business. These systems can use data mining to look for patterns and trends and can solve customer problems by focusing on widespread problems. Last but not least, we have collaborative CRM systems that move outside the business to include external contacts such as suppliers, vendors and distributors. The system allows businesses bring additional data to their customers’ service. They make the information available to the customers by use of a website or extranet. The main intent is to enable users work interactively with a business to improve service provision (Dyche 2001) OpenData by Socrata is a sample CRM system that is online. From my observation, this CRM maintains clients’ records and activities. For instance, it captures clients’ information from several sources, such as, an entry form, Google maps and discussion boards. It then harmonizes this information and presents it in a tabular form. Additionally OpenData CRM has the functionality of editing that available information and adding more information. In the available classification, OpenData CRM falls under the operational CRM system category. This is because it focuses on applications that integrate disconnected data sets and focus on

Mount Carmel High School Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mount Carmel High School - Assignment Example The Mount Carmel High School is being launched to prepare students for the Crimson College. Till now, Crimson College has received students from other schools in the district. It will continue to receive other students. However, henceforth first preference will be provided to students from its own school, the Mount Carmel High School. The Mount Carmel High School is being launched as a premium school with modern methods of learning. The school will engage its students in critical thinking, analysis, research and other resources that will markedly depart from the traditional pedagogy teaching alone. The school is open to students of all culture and beliefs without discrimination on the basis of race and religion. Learning by appropriate use of pedagogy, interactive technology, group discussions, and analysis will be encouraged. Students will also be encouraged to be involved in arts, music, and learning foreign language. The learning curve with consist of medium that engages the students' interest from their early days in school. There will be extra curricular activities such as publishing of magazine, elocution, dance, and annual fair for the development of students' mental faculties. Activities are aimed with the child's all-round development in view. The school is expecting to start with the 6th grade with 80 students. This grade will be divided into four sections. So the teacher-students' ratio will be not more than twenty students per teacher at any given time. Curriculum The curriculum will consist of the key subjects, viz. language, mathematics, science, and social science. English will be the main language. Mathematics will comprise algebra and geometry. Students will have the options of studying the subjects through pedagogy, interactive technology or both. The options to study will be monitored regularly through appropriate tests. The students will be given enough time for learning and evaluations. The students will also be encouraged to engage in group discussions, make notes and evaluations and use these in determining answers. The school will have enough computers for the purpose of interactive learning. Introductions to each subject will be done by pedagogy. In case a student misses the introduction, he or she has the option to learn it from other students or seek the teacher's assistance after prior intimation (Primary Core Curriculum Studies, 2007). Teachers will keep note of individual learning skills and needs and engage students keeping these in view. It will be the teachers' responsibility that students learn chapters of different subjects within the prescribed time. In case certain students are unable to grasp

Ethnic minorities in USA and UK jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Ethnic minorities in USA and UK jail - Essay Example In the contemporary era, it has been evident that there are about two adults in Jail for every Afro-Caribbean male. This ratio is clearly observable in the prisons of United States of America. Several scholarly reports signify that the prisons of United Kingdom have higher ratio of black prisoners as compared to the white population. Around 27 percent of the prison population in Wales and England identify themselves as belonging from ethic minority groups. The black convicts of UK and USA are five times higher than that of the white convicts. The police and the judicial system of USA and UK constitute maximum officials from the major group of the society i.e. the white population. Therefore, the jurisdiction system of UK and USA are criticized by many civil societies across the world. There are mainly three broad explanations that have been brought forward in the favour of the possibility for higher number of minority prisoners in UK and USA. First of all, disproportionate criminality can be a reason. The persons belonging from different ethnicities and minority groups have higher tendency to commit crimes. Secondly, the jurisdiction, detection of crimes and prosecution are more likely to be charged against the minority groups under the light of limited evidences. Thirdly, disproportionate conviction can be a major reason behind sentencing minority group prisoners for longer imprisonment. It is important to note that the relationship between criminality and race is perplexing. Several debates and critics have surrounded the jurisdiction system of UK and USA with respect to fair treatment with the respective populations. This essay highlights the important factors that have over-represented ethnic minorities in USA and UK prisons. The proportion of black people in prison in United States is lower compared to England and Wales. Politicians and experts have stated that

Significance Of Teamwork In Organizational Competitiveness Case Study - 1

Significance Of Teamwork In Organizational Competitiveness - Case Study Example Members of the teams benefit from knowledge sharing, which is important in career development and workplace learning. Teams may or may not be effective depending on their formation and leadership. Successful teamwork is characterized by a high team spirit in which every member is contented and willing to take part in accomplishing the tasks. Moreover, the employees working in a successful team tend to be enthusiastic about identifying with it. They also demonstrate loyalty to its leadership as well as among each other, as well as a willingness to work together. Everyone is usually focused on the accomplishment of a shared vision and owns the goals of the team. For this reason, organizations that promote strong teamwork are able to maintain competitiveness by offering effective services to the customers. Beardwell & Holden (2001) observe that customers are attracted to an organization in which they are served in a similar manner regardless of the staff member that deals with them. This paper presents a critique of the view that teamwork is always positive. It highlights U.S and UK organizations that exhibit teamwork in the workforce. It also compares these organizations with others that operate in the international markets Many organizations engage in projects targeted at particular target segments in the market and hence the strategies for the accomplishment of particular organizational goals need to be understood by all the people involved among the workforce. For example, if an organization has engaged 12 people as marketing representatives, it is important for them to work as a marketing team that is composed of employees with similar objectives.

What changes in the variables would be necessary in your valuation to Essay

What changes in the variables would be necessary in your valuation to best approximate the market valuation - Essay Example Part A – Fundamental Valuation Growth Rate of Dividends- Wal-Mart1 Estimated Value Growth Rate = 12.55% Discount Rate = 12.50% D0 = $1.21 D1 = 1.21 + 1.21 * 12.55% = $ 1.361 P0 = D1 / K-G = 1.361 / 12.50% - 12.55% = 1.361 / 0.05 = $ 27.22 Estimated Value = $ 27.22 Current Market Value = $ 52.082 What changes in the variables would be necessary in your valuation to best approximate the market valuation? It is possible that the actual market value of a share may differ from its calculated value as different variables may be perceived differently by each investor. It is also important to understand that each investor has different perceptions about the risks and rewards and therefore there can be some differences in the two sets of prices. In order to best approximate the valuation with the market valuation, it is important to adjust the discount rate. The discount rate given in this case study is 12.5% which seems to be higher given the overall risk profile and fundamentals of W al-Mart. It is therefore important that the discount rate is adjusted in order to approximate two values with each other. Lower required rate of return therefore outlines that the investors have more confidence in the fundamentals of the firm therefore they will be requiring lower rate of returns because the overall level of risk will be low. Part-B Relative Valuation The above calculations are made based on the assumption that the growth rate required will be 7%. 4) It is important to note that the assessment of the stock regarding under or over valuation is always performed by comparing the current market value with the assessed value. Considering the current market value of the stock, it seems that the stock is relatively undervalued and the investors can actually be advised for buying or hold. The current market price of the stock is approximately $53 per share whereas the value of the stock computed through PE ratio model suggests that the fair value of the stock is $59 suggest ing that the stock is relatively under-valued. It is therefore important that those investors who are already holding the stock shall hold their positions and wait for the price to further increase before they can actually sell the stock and profit from the position. 5) Based on the fundamentals of the stock as well as the successful track record of Wal-Mart as one of the leading firms in the world, I would invest into the firm. Though the firm is working in the retail sector with low profit margins however, given the successful history of delivering results, I as an investor would invest into this stock. It is also important to understand that based on the computations made above suggests that the fair value of the stock is higher than the current value of the stock therefore there is a cushion of approximately $6 per share if invested now and sold at the fair value

Public administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Public administration - Essay Example If the public administration regimes are amicably resolved, then there would be more value for one and all and less issues for all concerned. As public administrators, it is merely a facilitation process which is being undertaken by these individuals who aim to give their best come what may. However, this is a Herculean task to begin with since not everybody can be satisfied at the same time. Hence the norms and routines of public administration are made smoother so that success can be envisaged in a proper and easy way (Schultz & Kennedy, 2010). This will guarantee that the public receives attention and is given significance as far as performance of tasks for its betterment is concerned. The public administrators therefore must look at resolving conflicts, making the pathways easier and resolving the issues as and when these arise. All of these tasks are meant to be for the public and there must not be any two opinions about the same. How public interest achieves significance is measured by the extent of empathy the public administrators have for the public. If they believe that the public can be let off easily, they are in the wrong because the public is comprised of many individuals and not just a handful of like-minded souls. The public interest therefore needs to be given adequate attention to receive the maximum benefits. This will mean a great deal of harmony within the ranks of the public and they will also think of the government in a sound way. Public interest comes about from the top because it is much needed and has a direct link with the masses (Henry, 2009). A truly democratic process cannot begin if the public interest is not seen as a pivotal point. If this interest is ensured, then there would be immense benefits for the people and the public administrators would also see merry days ahead. Sadly, this does not always seem to be the

Self-confidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-confidence - Essay Example Self-feelings may be either active or passive. On the one hand, one may have a feeling or attitude of self-assertion, of confidence, of being in control of the situation, of directing oneself forward in a purposeful activity. On the other hand, one may have the feeling of being the victim of circumstances, of being helpless and dependent, and of having things happen to one's self over which one does not have much control. Normal living is a combination of these dual feelings of self-direction and helplessness. For this student who is transferred from a self contained class for emotionally disturbed children needs some time to get settled in a class of normal students. This change in the beginning would effect his self confidence as in the new class there would be good interaction between students. Secondly these students would be sharper and sometimes more intelligent from the students in the previous class. The methods I will use are the Self Esteem Therapies in which I will try to find out how the student's self-esteem was destroyed and what were the factors present which refrained him to develop his socialization process. After getting this integral information I will try to curb down all these factors affecting his self-confidence building.

Doping in Sport Essay Example for Free

Doping in Sport Essay English Group discussion on Doping in sport. 22nd As we may all know doping can and has been a problem in some specific sports, cycling being the main scapegoat of course because of the Lance Armstrong scandal. However does that mean doping Is not involved with any other sports. Absolutely not, what many people believe is that cycling is a dirty sport because so many drugs and supplements are involved, however they do not realise some of the sports they love are heavily armed with many different cases. Cycling In fact Is now the cleanest sport n the industry because they dont let anything slip past. After seeing a documentary on Mark Cavendishs wins in the tour de France and the first Brit to become world champion In ages, he actually said that the doping chaperones wouldnt leave him alone and had to pester him until he took his drug test. What I am trying to get at is that people are being extremely close minded in terms of believing that their own favourite sport is clean. What do you think about banning athletes? Banning athletes is a very hot topic in the media whether or not it should happen, in y opinion the athletes that take and have taken these substances. For example Alberto Contador the Spanish cyclists who allegedly won the tour de France two years in a row, did this whilst taking a substance known as EPO. When he later got found out he was banned but not for life to the present day he still competes in the tour de France with no hassle, As well as still being able to compete he Is known as the two time tour winner still even though he doped. I dont think this is very fair in reality as why should he still be allowed that title when he cheated for it.

Design and Build Contract in Project

Design and Build Contract in Project The term ‘procurement route considers all the activities undertaken by the client or clients representative, whether this is a sole decision or a decision made with the help of other parties, such as the various consultants or in some cases even the contractor, towards the goal of developing a construction project that the client is ultimately happy with.   There are various procurement routes, which can be categorized into three main procurement route contracts, a Traditional contract, a Design and Build contract, and a Management contract. A Traditional contract benefits in cost and quality, but at the expense of time.   It is not the fastest of methods, and with this procurement route it is desirable to have all the information at tender stage.   It is basically straightforward, but complications can arise if the client requires that certain sub-contractors are used.   With this procurement route the client requires certain standards to be shown or described, but the client is wholly responsible for achieving the stated quality on site, and controls the design and variations to a large extent.   It has certainty in cost and time before commitment to build, and requires clear accountability and cost monitoring at all stages.   Competitive tenders are possible for all items.   The risk is generally fair and balanced between all the parties.   (CLAMP, Hugh, COX, Stanley LUPTON, Sarah, 2003) A Design and Build contract benefits in cost and time, but at the expense of quality.   It is a relatively fast method. The pre-tender time largely depends on the amount of detail in the clients requirements, but the construction time can be reduced because the design and building phases proceed in parallel.   With this procurement route the client has no direct control over the contractors performance, has little say in the choice of specialist sub-contractors, and has virtually no flexibility once the contract is signed.   It has a guaranteed cost and completion date.   The risk with this procurement route lies almost entirely with the contractor. (CLAMP, Hugh, COX, Stanley LUPTON, Sarah, 2003) A Management contract benefits in time and quality, but at the expense of cost.   An early start on site is possible with this procurement route, long before tenders have been invited for some of the works packages.   It involves a complex management operation requiring sophisticated techniques.   The managing contractor is responsible for quality of work and materials on site and can easily adjust the programme and costs, meaning the client can also easily modify or develop design requirements during construction.   With this procurement route the client is committed to start building on only a cost plan, project drawings and a specification.   The risk lies mainly with the client in this method of procurement. (CLAMP, Hugh, COX, Stanley LUPTON, Sarah, 2003) For the purpose of this project we propose to use a Design and Build contract.   We have made this decision based on the project requiring cost and time to be prioritized, a guaranteed completion date being essential to minimise down time, and the benefit of having the responsibility of risk being taken away from the client. Tender Process Tendering is the name given to the process or procedure that is used to obtain offers leading to a contract between two parties.   The two main types of tender process are single stage tendering and two-stage tendering. Single stage tendering is suitable for small simple projects, where the key issues are speed and cost assurity.   It is considered by clients because of a need for greater cost certainty during the design and construction phases, the need for a well documented, fixed-price contract, the benefit from the discipline of completing the design before a contractor appointment takes place, and the use of commercial pressure to secure cost reductions for projects that might otherwise be unviable.   A single stage tendering process however offers limited scope for a team to develop a shared objective or for a contractor to contribute to design development, and changes introduced by the design team will undermine the certainty achieved with a lump sum tender. A two-stage tendering process is particularly suitable for large or complex projects, where a key factor is the close collaboration between the contractor and client, particularly during the design phase, as the contractor will endeavour to find the best solution for the project in terms of cost programme and design.   A two-stage tendering process is considered by clients because of its second stage being based on more complete information and therefore the contractor having a better understanding of the scope of works, which in turn should help obtain a final account that is closer to the contract sum, the ability to continue the development of the design during the second stage of the tender in conjunction with the main contractor and specialist sub contractors, and because it helps promote a specific focus on issues of buildability and economic construction during the later stages of design.   However the cost of second stage tenders tend to be higher because of negotiation p remiums and the inclusion of additional risk transfers, and not exceeding the cost and completion date are not binding prior to the finalisation of the contract. In two-stage tendering, like single stage tendering, the first stage is a competitive tender and it is usual to base these on the tenderers track records, preliminaries, overheads, an outline programme and the contractors pricing documents in relation to the preliminary design information.   Unlike a single stage tender, the first stage ends not with a contract being awarded but with the selection of a contractor for the second phase, in which the level of pricing provided in the first stage of the tender is used to open negotiations to produce a firmer price based on the drawings, bills of quantities and any other relevant documents that reflect the completed design. For the purposes of this project we propose to use a single stage tendering process.   We have made this decision based on the need for speed and cost assurity on the project, with the two key issues being time and cost. As early as possible during the design process we will propose a list of suitable contractors obtained from an electronic database containing a list of approved contractors.   The main criteria for selecting contractors for the initial tender list will include adequacy of available resources, adequacy of technical and management structure, financial stability and insurance cover, health and safety record, quality of work and adequacy of quality control, and performance record. We propose to issue preliminary enquiries to each contractor on the initial tender list 4-6 weeks before the tender documents are due to be issued, including a project information schedule and a questionnaire.   This will determine whether each contractor is both suited to the project and willing to submit a tender.   The contractors will be given 10 days from its original dispatch to return the completed questionnaire.    Once a short list of tenderers has been agreed and the tender documents are ready for release, they will be sent to the tenderers along with a Form of Invitation to Tender and a Form of Tender.   The latest time and date for submission of the tender will be included on both the Invitation to Tender and the Form of Tender, and will state that they are to remain open for acceptance for a period of 28 days from the bid submission date. When the tender return forms are received, the ones which are returned by the closing date will be analysed and a summary report will be written and sent to the client, and those which are returned after the closing date will remain unopened and be sent back to the sender.   As project managers we will offer advice upon the choice of appointed contractor, if the client requests so.   When we have received confirmation from the client regarding the chosen contractor we will notify them that they have won the work, and notify the unsuccessful tenderers that they have not. On Site Strategy Prior to work commencing on-site we propose to call a pre-start meeting, where the programme of works will be discussed and a letter of intent will be issued to the client.   When the contractor begins work on site we propose to take a monitoring roll.   On the first day of the work commencing on-site, as contract administrators, we will meet with the contractor and discuss site security, access, welfare facilities, deliveries and storage, and notify them of the time and date that snagging will be carried out. We propose to commence snagging 6 hours before the end of the construction phase, in order to give the contractor time to rectify any issues raised during the snagging process.   The snagging process will assess the quality of the work, the workmanship, and ensure all of the work complies with the clients specification.   We propose, as the contract administrators, to write the snagging list in conjunction with the foreman on site due to time constraints, of which a copy will be left with the foreman on site so that they can rectify any snags prior to the completion of the construction works. We propose to commence de-snagging once the contractor has informed us, as the contract administrators, that the construction work has been completed.   At this point, acting as the contract administrators, we will issue a certificate of practical completion and initialize the defects liability period, as determined in the contract.  Ã‚  Ã‚   References CLAMP, Hugh, COX, Stanley LUPTON, Sarah. (2003). Which Contract? Choosing the Appropriate Building Contract. 4th ed., London, RIBA Enterprises Ltd. Bibliography CHAPPELL, David. (2006). Construction Contracts, Questions Answers. Oxford, Taylor Francis. CHAPPELL, David. (2006). Contractual Correspondence for Architects Project Managers. 4th ed., Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. LUPTON, Sarah. (ed.) (2001). Architects Handbook Practice Management. 7th ed., London, R.I.B.A. Publications. LUPTON, Sarah. (ed.) (2000). Architects Job Book. 7th ed., London, R.I.B.A. Publications. ROY, Morledge, SMITH, Adrian KASHIWAGI, Dean T. (2006). Building Procurement. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. MURDOCH, John HUGHES, Will. (2008). Construction Contracts, Law and Management. 4th ed., Oxon, Taylor Francis.

Abnormal psychology personality disorder

Abnormal psychology personality disorder Introduction Abnormal psychology refers to psychology branch that examines unusual behavioral patterns, emotions and thoughts that affects ones family, social, and work life. Personality disorder arises when ones personality becomes inflexible and extreme. Most of the disorders takes effect immediately after birth and later develops into a full blown one in adulthood. Clusters of Personality disorders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three clusters of personality disorders i.e. Cluster A, Cluster B and Clusters C. Cluster A refers to those personality disorders that are considered as eccentric or odd. Disorders experienced under this cluster involve paranoid, schizoid and Schizotypal disorders. Each of the condition under cluster A possesses different traits. For example, traits portrayed under paranoid include unwillingness to trust other people, having many baseless doubts about something and holding of grudges more often. Cluster B are those personality disorders that are related to erratic or emotional disorders and include antisocial, histrionic, borderline and narcissistic disorders. Cluster C are those disorders that are fearful or anxious. Disorders under this include the dependent and the avoidant disorders. Each of the cluster disorder bears different traits (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Diathesis-Stress model   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diathesis-Stress model refers to a psychology theory that tries to explain behavior as a result of both genetic and biological factors i.e. Interaction between nature and nurture. This model usually assumes a certain disposition towards a given disorder may occur due to a combination of a persons early learning and genetics. According to diathesis-stress model, the predisposition together with some form of environmental stress gives rise to an abnormal behavior. (University of Michigan, 1987)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to this model, different behaviors inherent in different people are prompted by the interaction that exists between genetic susceptibility and happenings in life or the environment. Rahe and Holmes developed a theory which shows an inverse relationship between vulnerability and stress. Thus, more stress is required to create a disorder when the level of vulnerability is low whereas a higher level of vulnerability requires little stress to trigger a disorder. The theory explains further that the two factors, that is, stress and diathesis must be there for one to ever develop a disorder. Lastly, Rahe and Holmes found out that the more life encounters one had, the higher the level of stress. Schizotypical Personality disorder in cluster B Personality disorders can be said to be unrelenting behavioral patterns that originate from different rules of certain cultures. Such disorders may be brought about by factors that are oppressing or stressors. One form of personality disorder in cluster B is the Schizotypical personality disorder which is also referred to as antisocial personality disorder. This behavior is usually marked with some sort of pervasive interpersonal behavior whereby the person feels that he or she is uncomfortable in social settings. The person also experiences reduced capacity in case of close relationships. Their perception and thinking power tends to be distorted and exhibits eccentric form of behaviors (The University of Michigan, 1987). Characteristics of Antisocial personality disorder The disorder is usually associated with persons over the age of eighteen but conduct disorder starts to show up before the very age of fifteen. The person has a disregard for the laws and often behaves in a reckless, deceitful, impulsive and aggressive manner. There is also lack of remorse and failure to work consistently. Males with this form of personality disorder usually have a tendency to consume alcohol excessively as a result of failure to deal with the problem of self-gratification and also the inhibition of impulses (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Definition of borderline personality disorder Borderline personality disorder refers to a prolonged psychiatric disorder. It is characterized by rapid change of mood in the patient and feelings of committing suicide that may cause difficulties to doctors while attending to the affected patients. The root cause of the disorder is not quite known but most of the affected seem to show signs of improvement as time goes by. Causes of Schizotypical personality disorder Personality disorders are usually long-term and they interfere with ones life for many years. The cause of the antisocial disorder is unknown but child abuse and genetic factors are believed to be the main reasons that contribute to the condition. Those people that have alcoholic or antisocial parent are at high risk and more men as compared to women are affected. (Moore Jefferson, 2004). Treatment of Schizotypical personality disorder Behavioral limits should be set when needed and a streetwise approach should be portrayed without being too much punitive. Medication is not always necessary but the most important thing is to differentiate pure mood disorders from the personality disorders as those patients suffering from mood disorders will gain the benefit of medication especially the selective serotonin inhibitors whole on the other hand, those patients with personality disorders require close medical check up as far as initiation and subsequent following of the medication therapy is concerned. (Moore Jefferson, 2004). Controlling Schizotypical personality disorder Most theories usually attribute the development of obsessive compulsory personality disorder to early life challenges and experiences that includes lack warm parental relationship, rigidity and over control and the presence of few rewards for the spontaneous expression of emotions.However,there is little work that has been done over the years in identifying the preventive strategies.(American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Psychopathology Psychopathology refers to the study of mental distress, mental illness, maladaptive and abnormal behavior. Psychopathology thus addresses scientists who usually work in clinical contexts on descriptive psychopathology or for classification and validation of diagnosis or on the conceptual framing of the psychopathology findings. They may thus include an interdisciplinary approach to biological and medical fields or to other humanities. Besides inviting reports concerning medical research, Psychopathology also addresses the psychologists who refer to work in clinics or pathological phenomena. Psychopathology normally accepts papers on such sections as Original paper, Review paper, Case Report and the Letter to the Editor. Reviews may consist of meta-analysis, overviews and conceptual papers which are based on a given literature overview. Original papers may contain data that is generated by authors. Case Reports on the other hand is accepted only if they stimulate the functional insigh ts of the novel or the classificatory concepts whereas the Letters to the Editor are also confined to specific scientist debate issues. (Moore Jefferson, 2004). The Nature of Psychopathology Psychopathology usually consists of typologies of psychopathology which is presumed. The focus is mainly on the diagnostic and descriptive criteria and the resultant usefulness of the categories for research, treatment planning, bureaucratic record keeping e.t.c.What is mostly common to the two approaches is that the psychopathology is the way the categories are proposed as mere potential dysfunctionality with no regard to the nature of their dysfunctionalities and in regard no attention is directed towards the issue of what makes the dysfunctrionalities pathological. Psychopathology is usually considered as rigid i.e. the act of equating dysfunctional and psychopathology is like equating the psychopathology ignorance and error (The University of Michigan, 1987). Child Psychopathology Child psychopathology as a Psychopathology refers to physical disorders that manifests in adolescents and children. Examples of child psychopathology disorder include opposition defiant, pervasive development, attention deficit hyperactivity among others. Social workers, counselors, psychiatrists and psychologists who usually work with children who are mentally ill are informed in developmental psychology, clinical child psychology, family status and development psychopathology by the research. Child health care ought not to be overlooked and so it is important to note the dramatic changes that take place (Journal of Child and Family studies, 1992). Parental stress nowadays are associated with child psychopathology especially conduct problems, aggression and hyperactivity. Both boys and girls are quite similar as far as the nature of their psychopathology is concerned and there is no variation in the range of parenting stress concerning their care (Journal of Child and Family studies, 1992). Works Cited American Psychiatric Association, (2000).Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association Journal of Child and Family studies. (1992).Child psychopathology and deviant family hierarchies.Springer, Netherlands. Moore, D Jefferson. (2004).Antisocial personality disorder. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry. Philadelphia. The University of Michigan,(1987)Harrisons principles of internal medicine. the University of Michigan. Turner. (1989).Child psychopathology: a social perspective. the University of Michigan

Cultural Change and Survival in Amish Society Essay -- Amish Culture S

Cultural Change and Survival in Amish Society I. Introduction Watching the Amish riding their horse drawn carriages through Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, you catch a glimpse of how life would have been 150 years ago. The Amish, without their electricity, cars, and television appear to be a static culture, never changing. This, however, is just an illusion. In fact, the Amish are a dynamic culture which is, through market forces and other means, continually interacting with the enormously tempting culture of America. So, one might be led to wonder how a culture like the Amish, one that seems so anachronistic, has not only survived but has grown and flourished while surrounded by a culture that would seem to be so detrimental to its basic ideals. The Amish, through biological reproduction, resistance to outside culture, compromise, and a strong ethnic symbolism have managed to stave off a culture that waits to engulf them. Why study the Amish? One answer would be, of course, to learn about their seemingly pure cooperative society and value syst em (called Ordung). From this, one may hope to learn how to better America's problem of individualism and lack of moral or ethical beliefs. However, there is another reason to study the Amish. Because the Amish have remained such a large and distinct culture from our own, they provide an opportunity to study the effects of cultural transmission, resistance, and change, as well as the results of strong symbolism in maintaining ethnic and cultural isolation. II. History of the Amish The Amish have their roots in the Protestant Reformation of 16th century Europe, led by Martin Luther. Of these Protestant groups one sect was the Anabaptists. The first Anabaptist group was kno... ...the Amish except for their use of language and plain dress, would not have been distinct from most other 19th century farmers. This in essence allowed for the early survival and establishment of Amish culture in the United States. References Gelles, Richard J. and Levine, Ann. 1995. Sociology, An Introduction . Fifth Edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. Good, Merele and Phyllis. 1979. 20 Most Asked Questions about the Amish and Mennonites. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Good Books. Hostetler, John A. 1983. Amish Life . Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press. Kraybill, Donald B. 1990. The Puzzles of Amish Life . Intercourse, Pennsylvania: Good Books. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1997. Amish . 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. Pennsylvania Dutch Country Welcome Center. 1997. Amish FAQ. http://www.800padutch.com/atfaq.html Cultural Change and Survival in Amish Society Essay -- Amish Culture S Cultural Change and Survival in Amish Society I. Introduction Watching the Amish riding their horse drawn carriages through Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, you catch a glimpse of how life would have been 150 years ago. The Amish, without their electricity, cars, and television appear to be a static culture, never changing. This, however, is just an illusion. In fact, the Amish are a dynamic culture which is, through market forces and other means, continually interacting with the enormously tempting culture of America. So, one might be led to wonder how a culture like the Amish, one that seems so anachronistic, has not only survived but has grown and flourished while surrounded by a culture that would seem to be so detrimental to its basic ideals. The Amish, through biological reproduction, resistance to outside culture, compromise, and a strong ethnic symbolism have managed to stave off a culture that waits to engulf them. Why study the Amish? One answer would be, of course, to learn about their seemingly pure cooperative society and value syst em (called Ordung). From this, one may hope to learn how to better America's problem of individualism and lack of moral or ethical beliefs. However, there is another reason to study the Amish. Because the Amish have remained such a large and distinct culture from our own, they provide an opportunity to study the effects of cultural transmission, resistance, and change, as well as the results of strong symbolism in maintaining ethnic and cultural isolation. II. History of the Amish The Amish have their roots in the Protestant Reformation of 16th century Europe, led by Martin Luther. Of these Protestant groups one sect was the Anabaptists. The first Anabaptist group was kno... ...the Amish except for their use of language and plain dress, would not have been distinct from most other 19th century farmers. This in essence allowed for the early survival and establishment of Amish culture in the United States. References Gelles, Richard J. and Levine, Ann. 1995. Sociology, An Introduction . Fifth Edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. Good, Merele and Phyllis. 1979. 20 Most Asked Questions about the Amish and Mennonites. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Good Books. Hostetler, John A. 1983. Amish Life . Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press. Kraybill, Donald B. 1990. The Puzzles of Amish Life . Intercourse, Pennsylvania: Good Books. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1997. Amish . 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. Pennsylvania Dutch Country Welcome Center. 1997. Amish FAQ. http://www.800padutch.com/atfaq.html

Free College Admissions Essays: Landscape Architecture :: College Admissions Essays

Landscape Architecture    How to create an environment suitable for human living when resources are limited is a challenging problem for modern society. My strong interest in photography and art has compelled me to become especially observant toward the relationship between human beings and the environment. I have come to realize that the environment we live in has suffered much damage from pollution and lacks competent planning, making it difficult to find beautiful scenery to photograph or sketch. I began to think that I could make use of my artistic gift, concern about, and interest in the environment by entering the field of landscape design and putting my effort into beautifying our surroundings. Therefore, after graduating from high school, I entered the Department of Landscape Architecture at ABC University.     ¡@ ¡@During my freshman year, I joined the school's mountaineering club, where I served as a guide and also as president of its photography group. I went to many mountainous areas and ecological preserves, and saw that Taiwan is rich in natural resources; but I also saw that these precious resources are gradually disappearing due to poor planning and illegal land use. This realization solidified my determination to learn concepts of environmental planning and design. Due to my lengthy contact with nature while climbing mountains, I knew that landscape designers should treat nature and residential areas with respect. Over the next two years, I learned more in-depth concepts of landscape design, enhanced my basic abilities in environmental planning, and started developing an interest in urban design. I received commendations from my professors for my performance and ideas. In addition, I served as administrative head of the department student association during these two years, re sponsible for planning our department exhibitions and intercollegiate activities for exchanging ideas about landscape design. This experience increased my teamwork abilities and efficiency in problem solving, which will be of great help in my future pursuits.     ¡@ ¡@The value of landscape education is not in its accumulation of knowledge, but rather in its methods for solving real-life problems. I believe that one must learn more than plain theory, and so in the summers after my freshman through junior years, I took part in internships in related fields, mainly in urban design. I was involved in planning, design, and implementation of landscaping projects, combining theory with practice. After graduation, I worked at XYZ Landscape Consultants as a designer.

David Thoreau Civil Disobedience

Ricardo Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience Throughout history the government’s gained too much power are likely to be corrupt. It is up to citizens to go against government and get rid of any negativity. In order to change the government citizens should vote for an individual who can change the country in a positive way. Henry David Thoreau was a philosopher, observer, and writer best known for his attacks on American social institutions and his respect for nature and simple living. He believed in civil disobedience in order to disagree with government rules.Henry David Thoreau was not like the average American because he was not materialistic which is shown in his  free thought, importance of nature, and self-reliance toward the government. Thoreau kept a journal as a source for his published writings and lectures. He was a very motivated writer and habituary classics such as Greek, Latin and English texts. He also read sacred writing of the Hindus that was a big influe nce on cosmic vision in Walden. Thoreau starts to question authority in Walden. Thoreau spent his night in local jail in a protest against the proslavery agenda of the war against Mexico; he refused to pay his poll tax. The experience would inspire resistance to civil government, at a later time this could be a major debate on relationship of the individual to the state† (Thoreau 827). He believed in nonviolence ideals and was thrown in jail for being against the law and not paying taxes. For example, Mahatma Gandhi led Indians to protest against the salt tax in order to achieve independence against the British.Thoreau’s views on civil disobedience influenced the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Civil disobedience was an act of willful resistance and it is the duty of all American citizens. Martin Luther King uses Thoreau’s strategy in order to not obey the law as he wanted to end racial inequality in America. He criticizes American social institution and poli cies such as slavery. In order to resolve conflicts Thoreau insisted that all principled action had to be undertaken by the individual rather than through groups. When the government is unjust people should refuse to follow the law and stay away from it at all cost.American government is unjust for the practice of aggressive war and supporting slavery. Thoreau explains the differences between social classes in American society. Henry Thoreau likens Americans to horses and dogs. They are commonly esteemed good citizens. However, legislator, lawyers, ministers do not make moral distinction and serve the devil, and do not rely on God. Thoreau suggested to readers â€Å"A wise man will only be useful as a man and will not submit to be clay but leave that office to his dust. He who gives himself to his fellow men appears as useless and selfish.He who gives himself partially to them is a philanthropist† (Thoreau 831). At that time government was devious and they started trading sla ves. This shows that an honest man needs to rebel against government and stand up for themselves. As evidence Thoreau mentions that he did not pay any poll-tax for six years. He was thrown to jail for one night. The state will force him to obey the law, punish is body, and to think like them. Thoreau defends his lifestyle and mentions that he is a sojourner in civilized life. He tells the reader that he does charity to help poor students in school.When release from prison he starts to pay his taxes to support students who are going to school. Old people do not have any important advice to tell young generations. They faced many failures in their lives. Throughout the years dressing in this country was a dignity of art. Sailors make shift to wear clothing and every generation laughs at old fashions and tries on the new one. The factory system is best way for men to get clothing. The industry grows as more people buy clothes. According to Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel are the basi c survival tool for people.Thoreau wanted to build his own house by Walden Ponds — He went for days cutting and hewing timber to design the size of the house. By April the house was framed and all set up and bought shanty of James Collins. Collins was an Irishman who worked on Fitchburg Railroad for boards. He had a roof, good window, and walls in the house. Thoreau paid him 4 dollars and 25 cents for Collins to take possession of the house and to not sell it to anyone else. Seeley was another Irishman who represents spectatordom and help with the removal of the Gods of Troy.If a student wishes to shelter he can rent annually to have a place in his house. Thoreau started planting eleven acres of potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips in order to pay unusual expenses while building his house. He made more money than any farmer in Concord at that time. He realized that it would be problem to obtain food such as animal as a source of health and strength. People should life free and u ncommitted in order to appreciate your farm. Thoreau’s explained citizen to work on your farm until death and not to do farming and quit at some point. If men would steadily observe realities only and not allow themselves to be deluded life to compare it with such things. People should respect music and poetry. Men establish and confirm daily life of routine and habit everywhere which is built in illusionary foundations† (Thoreau 895). He is basically saying that people should start to be nicer to others, appreciate poetry, and to stay from things that are useless for the future. Henry David Thoreau was not like the average American because he was not materialistic which is shown in his  free thought, importance of nature, and self-reliance toward the government.Since he kept a journal as a source for his published writings and lectures. Thoreau’s views on civil disobedience influence the civil rights movement in the 1960s. He also explains the differences betw een social classes in American society. He defends his lifestyle and mentions that he is a sojourner in civilized life. Last, he explains food, shelter, clothing, and fuel are the basic survival tool for people. If people work, and put their mind together they can achieve a balance society where people can be happy.

Discuss How Shakespeare uses dramatic techniques Essay

The hearing have probably guessed that it leave al one be an angry argument as he sine qua nons the best for Juliet. This is shown at the start up of his dumbfound tongue When the sun sets, the air doth rain down dew But for the sunset of my brothers sun It rains downright. How now A conduit, girl? What, still in tears? His speech is head thought step to the fore and he shows he does have some colligate for his daughter. He has imagery and alliteration in his speech which his main focus is on, kinda than the main focus being Juliet. This allows the interview to have more than discernment for Juliet as it shows original Capulet isnt really likewise both(prenominal)ered ab show up her.He expressage his disapproval of her crying by truism evermore showering? He so moves on to talk about juliets grief which contrasts with the for the first time part. He shows he disapproves of the crying. He has no humanity or understanding for why Juliet is so upset and this in t hat locationfore allows the audience to have compensate more sympathy for Juliet. He compares her to a ship journey in this salt flood he warns her she exit also sink and be wrecked like a ship. erst Capulet has finished he rant, he leaves and Juliet is in a state of despair and worry. She begs her mother to help and she would rather die than marry. stock-still Lady Capulet still offers no sympathy and this plainly makes the audience feel even more sympathy for Juliet as both her parents have abandoned her. Lady Capulet agrees with Lord Capulet, she isnt angry with Juliet just by nature cold hearted. The audience may then doubt that Lady Capulet could be as cruel to her only child as her reaction is shocking. Lady Capulet tells Lord Capulet that Juliet doesnt call for to marry parish but is thankful to him, therefore demonstrating that she feels he shouldnt be too harsh with Juliet because she is grateful.Lord Capulet asks hemorrhoid of quick sharp questions without waiting for an dissolvent which shows his offense adding more tension. Juliet proceeds to yield and stand up for herself as well as showing respect for her take but isnt best enchant that she is being forced to marry a man that she does not love. He tells her that if she doesnt show up at the perform h he exit pant her on a hurdle to the church himself. Capulet then verbally abuses Juliet and because she was very tired of(p) after all the crying he calls her tallow-face. He claims he wants to hit Juliet My fingers itch. Juliet is his only child so his anger essential be increasingly violent for him to want to hit her. Capulet final speech shows his anger towards Juliet. He uses words containing only one syllable showing his is irritated with Juliet because she doesnt want to marry genus Paris. He shows that he view Paris far more than Juliet and tells her she get out either be thrown out or she must marry Paris. but, and you go out not wed, Ill pardon you graze where you wil l. You shall not house with me. Look to t, echo on t I do not use to jest. Thursday is near. do hand on hear advise. And you be mind, Ill give you to my friendAnd you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, Capulet says he will give Juliet to his friend. This is cruel seeing as she is his only child and is as if he owns her. She is treated awfully creating even more sympathy for her. She doesnt have a fair chance at vitality because of Capulet. Juliet then turns to the next person for help, the comfort. Juliet looks up to her like she is a second mother. She trusts that the nurse will know what to do as she helped Juliet marry Romeo to start off with. My economize is on earth, my faith in promised land How shall that faith return again to earth,Unless that save sent it me from heaven By leaving earth? The nurses reply to Juliet as she cries out for heal shows how she is so different to Juliets mother being the complete turnabout personality, yet she contrasts with Juliets loving nature. She shows how she is impress that Juliet is so loyal to Romeo even though they have only been married for a matter of days. Her solution is however realistic and clever. She believes Juliet should go ahead and marry Paris as Romeo has been banished after him murdering Tybalt. She tells Juliet Romeos a dishclout to him.This is humour to convince Juliet it would be bettor to marry Paris and move on. at one time Juliet finds there is no real solution to her problem, Juliet gives in. She goes to Friar Laurence cell to make exculpation and to be asolvd this means there may still be hope if Friar Laurence advise help her and place upright her. Juliet is left alone onstage as the nurse leaves, she has been abandoned by the citizenry who have claimed to love her and support her. Juliet uses this probability to express he feelings in a soliloquy. This then shows the audience that she is a jump on young adult and she cant rely on anyone to help her.She will no longer confide in the nurse as she spoke staidly about Romeo whereas she had praised him in the past. She decides she will go and see the Friar and ask him for help. The soliloquy gives the audience a chance to sympathise with Juliet, as she finds herself realising the harsh difference in being young and growing up. picture watch only The above preview is unformatted text This student written component of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE mingled section.

Examining the Saytam scandal

1.1 JustificationI chose this diddley beca use up it was a recent and a real erect one. It is in manage manner re both(prenominal)y international as it is an tabusourcing phratry, the terminations of the cocksucker bear on umpteen several(prenominal) former(a)(a) evinces. M individu every(prenominal)y people muzzy their investings and India has doomed the other recounts place deeply. It is re tout ensembley suited to explicate with affiliate estim adapted elements.1.2 What is the S bathdal whatsoever, who atomic number 18 the histrions in it?On 7 January 2009 by the confess of B. repulsealinga Raju, who is the laminitis and too the chair of the Satyam computing machine, the universe has learnt and blow out of the water nearly the fradulent financial serveivities that the Satyam interfered.Ramalinga Raju founded Satyam in 1987 with nevertheless 20 employees which was India s 4th largest outsourcing attach to with $ 1 one million million million one-year grosss Satyam Computer run Ltd was in corporated in 1989 and it went grossplace in 1992. With each go finisheding class, Satyam modify its place and extended its operations to assorted locations. .However when it is dis wrap uped the cheatings of Satyam, inquiries arose near how Satyam came to this place. For replying these inquiries we must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness travel back to the ni realiseiess. The second fr snatchional of the 1990s was the liberalisation period in which the size sufficientness of the plentys increased extremely in India. Increased competition forced corporations to attempt un honest ways to drive their interrelates. As coming into world subsequently, Ramalinga Raju in like manner eng gray in such(prenominal) snitch a motionions to demo its conjunction s unexclusive presentation realise out remove.In 2008, although the advance of motorcoachs hesitated, Satyam acquired whitethorntas root and Maytas Properties that were founded by the laminitis Ramalinga Raju s househ cured for $ 1.6 billion. These two companies be capacioused to Raju s boies and in the terminal the government application had to re show the trade and the frailty pre grimacent of India criticized it.When the authorities and the lymph nodes of the Satyam became leery about this port of Satyam and the investors panic entirelyy and every of a sudden interchange a coarse sum of the computer storages, Satyam called of its determination.Satyam investors woolly-headed 3,400 Indian Rupee in the cogitate terror trade. The acquisition created a scepticism in New York Stock throw and the Satyam parts fell 55 % . Because of that, the progress of managers had to knock over at the terminal of the twelvemonth consequently on 29th declination, 3 members of senesce of managers quit their occupations, it is the twenty-four hours when circuit board of managers denote that they pull up s results procure back for deriving th e trust of their investors once more than(prenominal). However the things unplowed traveling worse finish. On declination 23, The adult male Bank announced that it criminalise the Satyam from devising concern with it due to selective information larceny and graft. Market guesss about that the Satyam begin role variationer counterfeit and breach of consume increased tremendously. It is when the value of the booster post of Satyam cliffd to 5 % , which is an index that the Satyam was stranded, On 7 January 2009, lodge Chairman Ramalinga Raju resigned afterwards advising board members and the Securities and Exchange feel on with of India ( SEBI ) that Satyam s histories had been falsified ( Arakali,2009 ) .Raju confessed that Satyam s eternal sleep sheet of 30 September 2008 contown(prenominal)ed hyperbolic auspicates for trouble both(prenominal) property and deposit balances, an accumulated date of Rs. 376 crore which was non- alive, an unpretentious liability of Rs. 1,230 crore and an exaggerated debitors place of Rs. 490 crore ( as agown(prenominal)st Rs. 2,651 crore in the books ) .After probes ar deepened, it was found that he had pickaxeed the lesser of two offenses when he indomit equal to(p) to squeal the offense and he siphoned off financess by blow uping employee Numberss, do numerous benami acres trades, opened benami bank histories, through dealing and friends and used them to swop in Satyam s deals ( Aneja,2009 ) .Benami storey performer that when you purchase something in the portion out a crap of separate else by using your personal financess, you use that mortal as a place-lender and this is called a benami relations and this is ilsound, it drive out be made profound by reassigning the land in your name overly this allow for affect walk responsibilityeousness and enrollment charges.As a consequence, further a little use in the lodge s balance sheet consequence in deflection of INR 71,36 one one million million millions enumerateween the real operating(a) moolah in tell apart As Mr. Raju likewise postulated in his missive,this difference continue to outlaw in more old ages and thither had been pursuen m each actions to pose proficient this spread and the attemp to purchase Maytas was the stretch out attemp to cover the fictitous assets with existent 1s.He at both rate offered that neither he nor the pull polish off managers benefited financially from the hyperbolic grosss and none of the board members had any lore of the state of affairs in which the bon ton was placed.It is actually hard to change over every(prenominal)thing back to an ethical and right manner after a point and Satyam had already passed this point which delegacy it was inevitable for Satyam to be revelation. After the confession, the board of managers was banned from working and 10 titulary managers are appointed. Ramalinga Raju had arrested on charges of breach of trust, di sproof of records, cheating, counterfeit and go againsting deep downr trade norm. A figure of employees including a summit meeting administrator director and chief financial officer who laid the basis for the postiche and multiform in the tingeing the bank statements. The CFO of Satyam too arrested. PWC as cosmos the croupvass house of Satyam had lost assurance by its c take a breathernts and 2 of its top liaisonaries were arrested.This dirt called by the media as Indian s Enron and it has brought into dubiousness the grads of corporate presidential term in the state after this dirt. Satyam s portions decreased by % 75 and it caused the Indian s credit line market to fall by % 7. 1 Rajiv Gupta, one of the investors of Satyam, told in an interview with BBC that he found the state of affairss occurred after the dirt really distressing and the clip is the mop possible clip to go on bandage the markets were merely started to look like they were retrieving. 2 However , it is non the market merely affected from this dirt investors, employees, providers, clients all injure from the improper making. It is obvious that in that location are some people who violated some righteous put outs and act u cyberspacehically.Now I will try outk to shuffle honorabless into existent life story caseful and evaluate in the palpable radiations of antithetic ethical rules to be able to do judgement whether it is in concurrence with or in trespass of deterrent example criterions.1.3 Who has the lesson responsibleness? Who are to gaolbreak?The term clean duty sometimes means to pause a item-by-item for something. A man-to-man is lessonly visorable for the hurts or a awry(p) if caused or helped to do it, or failed to forestall it when he could livelihood and should gift, did so cognizing what he was making did so of his ain withdraw will. In modern corporations duty is distri simplyed among a figure of collaborating parties. The parties p roduce the corporate act together. The clay arises a inquiry about who is trustworthy for jointly produced act. The traditional incline is who is wittingly and freely lend the corporate act is liable for the incorrect. In Satyam instance fraud and misrepresentation at Satyam Computer Services in India consist of several dissolute Acts of the Apostless. Double accounting books, 1000s of questioning bills, 1000s of unneeded employees and tonss of bogus bank statements, harmonizing to tribunal records ( Diaz,2009 ) . So a figure of fraud Acts of the Apostless was seen. Harmonizing to corporate duty theory who is liable for? satisfying family employees, employees, directors, board of managers, stock take forers all the same hearers? In vile Acts of the Apostless an person merely be responsible for an fraud if the individual is wittingly and freely do the unlawful act or non to take part the act hardly cognizant of it so non the gull an action toUnder these conditions, we permit to see both Mr. Raju, the audit house valuewaterhouseCoopers and board of managers and authorize out if they were honourablely responsible for the fraud or non.Mr. Raju we digest apparently see that he caused the fraud, since he wrote a confession missive to the imperativeness and told all the fraud. Furthermore we know that Mr. Raju acted of his ain free will by moving designedly and purpose effectivey and his actions were non the consequence of some mutinous mental urge or immaterial force.PwC the audit house claimed that they did non arouse sex about the fraud and the go with gave them the incorrect pecuniary statements, so they did non acknowledge the fraud. Hearers are responsible to analyze the financial statements of the familiarity.Satyam committed an false entering assets which did no exist. PwC is the audit telephoner and should hold recognized the fraud so PwC failed to forestall it when it could hold prevented due to their craft ( Pettet,2009 ) . Through their profession, the audit house is in a place to observe any incompatibility or fraud in the statements.The house could hold raised inquiries about the immense non-existing bullion. They should hold paid required professional attending to their work ( Sekhar,2009 )This exact is an duty for the hearers. In Satyam the hearers who are S. Gopala Krishnan and Srinivas Talluri, who arrive at been suspended from PricewaterhouseCoopers instances the hearers are anyhow con apparent movementing charges ( Diaz,2009 )Board of Directors when we think about the responsibilities of the board such as regulating the organisation, O.K.ing one-year budgets and administer the activities of the company, it is clearly seen that the board did non make its responsibilities. They seeming did non analyze the operations of the company takefully and did non cognize what was go oning in the company. on that pointfore, we drive out state that the board failed to forestall it when it could hold and should hold prevented it.In Satyam instances harmonizing to Ram Mynampati he and other board of directos had no cognition of the pecuniary fraud. So they are non responsible for the im lesson act because they have no cognition so ignorance of the act ( Vaswani,2009 )One behind state that PwC and the Board are illiterate about the issue, nevertheless, they talent be designedly nescient, and if they recognize that something was traveling incorrect and did non state anything. For illustration Mr. Raju wanted to purchase the Maytas Infrastructure caller s portions and the board knows that their concern has no relationship with human foot but they did non seek about the grounds why Mr.Raju wants to purchase the portions.The other exclusion of ignorance is being lax. Both PwC and the Board failed to take necessity actions and they whitethorn pretermit the discernible hints of the fraud, it is non an exculpation but it may cut have their duty.Section 2 Philosophers op pugning the stain combined with ethical rules in art2.1 Kohlberg s Moral DevelopmentRamalinga Raju faecal matter be the victim of his ego battles. He may believe that its effects would be profitable and positive to his ego involvements. He may gain more funds if he did non squeal the fraud and resign. unconstipated if inflating figures and demoing a non-existent accumulated involvement are non ethical, but these actions would ensue in net income income to him, hence, he sacrifice from being ethical. So, we can state that Mr. Raju is at the first degree preconventional phases and at implemental and Relative penchant Stage . 3 2.2 honourable Principles In Business2.2.1 UtilitarianismHarmonizing to Utilitarian attack, it is indispensable to see both the immediate and foreseeable hereafter be and benefits that each option will bring forth for each and every person. The be of the dirt are terrible. For illustration, 6 million guiltless stockholders some of them have lost t heir full life nest orchis because Satyam lost its value by 78 % ( Vaswani, 2009 ) . Employees set outed from the falsified histories and lose their occupation in broad term. He besides diverted tolerant amounts of money belong to stockholders by misrepresent to do salary payments to non-existent employees mean that change magnitude the grosss of stockholders.Harmonizing to utilitarians, in that location is slide fastener unethical to garble the informations in the records. Utilitarians think that the actions which produce the corking benefit and the lowest cost for the society. in the beginning the revelation of the fraud, the investors were puting their money into Satyam and so the company could go on to run.If the company had showed the existent state of affairs to the society, no investors would take Satyam that the company would probably hold had to be near bring. In short all of its 53000 employees would go out of employ which is a large cost to the society. So t here is a benefit of protecting to occupations of employees and moreover Mr. Raju and some other managers besides skilliness be benefited from the fraud and there were no one acquiring hurting onward the revelation. So harmonizing to useful attack, it is right to roue off on study in this state of affairs. However there are jobs with rights and fairness, because this behavior is nt a right moral regulation, it is non right to hitch off on report.The legal body of India, petmits disproof of informations which means Mr. Raju and other people played go bad in fraud do non hold a legal right to make that. However is it besides incorrect harmonizing to moral rights? Moral rights are correlated with responsibilities. When a individual have a moral right, the other have a responsibility non to interfere him or to supply him his right. here in the instance, investors have right to cognize the existent place of the company which they are puting. However by roue kill on records is v iolated their rights.Satyam dirt has alter the remainder of the Indian tech go exertion because foreign companies were discouraged for outsourcing owe to the dirt.It is obvious that some U.S. and European clients including world(a) Electric, General Motor, Nestle, and besides unite States government activity will rethink their trust on non merely the company but besides Indian outsourcing and the credibility in westward clients will endure in the long tally ( Gorkey, 2009 ) . As a effect of the instance, the full corporate garbage disposal scheme in India has been unfaithful for most companies.On the other manus, dirt created an get for India s challengers in the outsourcing game and smaller IT companies in foreign states can get down concern with Satyam s clients. However some clients are encouraged to maintain occupations at place state in rear to annul any hazards of fraud.It can know place market of the clients who may pick out to make concern in their ain secto r which will derive more net income itself. There are some Raju s parts to society that can be calculated on benefits side like constructing an exigency health care supplier called EMRI and puting up an exigency medical service ( EMS ) .At the terminal of cost-benefit epitome, net public-service corporation that produced by the dirt is misrepresent intending more be over benefits so it is non a right action.2.2.2 Kantian RightsRamalinga Raju in his missive noted that, Satyam had really made 3 % border, nevertheless many sparing experts and bookmans find it laughably low in IT industry ( Shirsat, 2009 ) .This claim supports the claim that Raju pick the lesser of two offenses when he stubborn to squeal the offense. Besides he rarified the head count of employees to syphon off financess from company ( Vaswani, 2009 ) .Therefore we can reason that more money was coming into company but it was being siphoned out. He used his aged female parent s name to do about 400 benami land trades, invest in other concerns such as existent estate with the many. prototypical of all in all, he diverted big amounts of money belong to stockholders by feigning to do salary payments to non-existent employees.The state of affairs can non go through both the universalizability and reversibility standards of Kantian rights. ( Velasquez,2006 ) He besides violated the 2nd preparation of Kant because he used these non-existent employees and his aged female parent as a agency for his ain will and profaned human self-respect norm. Besides misdemeanor of the belongings rights of stockholders by utilizing belongings belongs to company without permission can be seen as an unethical pattern. corporal command practicians tell Raju violated officers right to cognize by abetting them to act fiscal fraud. Another issue is Raju is known for his philanthropic gift and committal to assisting India s rural hapless. He reportedly donated more than $ 50 million of his ain money to make the p lan. With the wealth generated by money of others doing such a committal to society is unethical. This violates the stockholders right to take because they have a right to take how to employ their ain money for assisting hapless or non.Furthermore harmonizing to Kant s first preparation, the individual s grounds for moving must be grounds that he or she would be willing to hold all others use, even as a soil o how they treat him or her. Mr. Raju likely would nt desire to put in a company that looks being in a effectual state of affairs but is really in a bad state of affairs. So besides harmonizing to Kant s Categorical Imperative it is non right.Satyam dirt involves inquiries of law and equity. From the Distributive Justice point of position which is the justness class based on the thought that benefits and loads should be distributed every bit, instance involves many unfair patterns. present Ramalinga Raju and his household diverted money from Satyam to their ain will. B esides with the transportation of portions to the household members, they gave immense loss to the little investors. All benefits went to the Ramalinga Raju and his household. Employees, investors and creditors who had nil to make with the fraud all suffer awful effects and bear all loads. Besides IT industry in India has fatigued 20 old ages constructing up credibleness with Western clients, but this dirt is foreseen to do many U.S. and European clients rethink their trust on Indian outsourcing. From the retaliatory justness position, Mr. , Raju can be blamed and penalise for making incorrect wittingly and in his ain free will.What is upseting is that for over seven-spot old ages the man of affairs who consistently committed fraud was support by politicians in power in the Andhra Pradesh Government.His knowledge with the top leaders meant that Raju got immense balls of premier land at throw-away fiscal value for Technology Park and other intents and many other installations w hich enabled Satyam to spread out and turn quickly ( Balachandran, 2009 ) . Banks and fiscal establishments allowed Raju to open 1000s of histories without oppugning. They provided statements about the company s finance as Raju requested. Raju was allowed inside cognition of authorities policies, phylogenesis programs and lowtakings even before the blue-prints were prepared.This enabled him and his pool, Maytas Infra, to offer for undertakings on favourable footings. The whole authorities system was harnessed to stand in function Raju s involvements. Harmonizing to Rawls just equality of prospect rule, everyone should be given an equal chance to measure up for the more allow places. It can be seen that Raju had greater chances than other people and got discriminatory intervention by Bankss, establishments and authorities. The dirt ends with heavy load on society and causes inefficiency in the system so is deemed to go against the difference rule which is the claim that a produc tive society will integrate inequalities. The difference rule implies that it is incorrect to victimize stockholders and investors because action creates inefficiency.2.2.3 Virtue Ethical motivesRaju has an MBA Ohio University and is an alumna of Harvard Business School, in other words he is a knowing individual. Harmonizing to the Corruption Perception Index 2004 ( consumer price index ) which ranks the states in their order of corruptness, out of the 146 states listed, India where he grew ranks a hapless 91. In Satyam instance, Raju s incorrect act index be related to the undermentioned three state of affairss foremost, it powerfulness be related to his superstar sense of values, so wholly he has done come from his personal moral values.Second, it might come from is the value treasure by society where he turn. Harmonizing to the thought, Raju might be affected by the Indian society and civilization. Finally, the system of constitution might hold an influence on Raju s behavi ours.I would personally hold with this point, each civilization and state has distinct tolerances and different ways to carry through concern. In India it might hold been easier to make it, than in any other state or the life conditions and society values may promote him to make such a thing.2.3 The Persons in The Organization2.3.1 Conflict of InterestThe policies and processs under codification of clamber of involvement requires that the managers and associates of the company shall avoid any activity or connective that creates or appears to make a essay between the personal involvements of the managers and associates and the company s concern involvements.In the instance of Satyam, the hearers of Satyam might hold faced with struggles of involvement slice attesting the fiscal record of Satyam. They have obtuse their criterion plot scrutinizing the company fiscal statement. It is clear that the trueness or duty to the client, here it is Satyam, is divided or in struggle with opportunism of Hearers and the involvement of Satyam s armorial bearing. In add-on, the company corporate arrangement does non demo any struggle of involvement between cathexis and proprietors, the job was caused by the struggle of involvement between the ascendant stockholders ( boosters ) and the minority stockholders.The boosters that involve Mr. Raju, together with their friends and relations were the dominant stockholders. The company proposed to put $ 1.6 billion to purchase existent estate and posterior houses, Maytas Properties and Maytas Infrastructure, run by the boies of its founder-chairman Raju. Investors and analysts questioned the move by the Hyderabad-based package exporters to pay such a immense amount to get companies united to Raju and raised concerns about corporate administration at Satyam and its credibleness in the look of planetary clients and stockholders. Ramalinga Raju, nevertheless, justified the determination, stating it was portion of a ripe(p ) variegation scheme . Representatives of investors such as Templeton and Motilal Oswal complained that Satyam had no concern buying existent estate or substructure companies and that their investing in Satyam was because it was engaged in supplying package services ( www.tahindian.com ) . There is an existent struggle of involvement under this investing determination and besides supported the claim that all money invested in Maytas belongs to Satyam . Then Raju stated that the aborted Maytas trade was really last effort to make full the fabricated assets with existent 1s. Though the fiscal establishments owned bulk of interest, but historically they used to play a lazy function in the company. This was leting the boosters, Mr. Raju and his relations to play the corruptness game. The boosters were seeking to re-structure the concern and were besides deviating assets between group companies. So, this shows the struggle of involvement between these parties.2.3.2 Insider TradingSat yam boosters and top functionaries may hold charged in insider business. Research workers are coming across grounds of insider commerce by the boosters even before the dirt broke. The probe is besides concentrating on the allegations of insider traffic in the period before the failed celestial latitude 16. There are adequate arrows to insider trading by the Satyam boosters and the companies floated by them and their relations.The insider trading in Satyam is formed by the top way of life of Satyam the managers and senior functionaries with selling portions in front with that books have been overstated, taking to an hyperbolic stock financial value that helped the top direction do money.The top direction offloaded the company s 6.01 lakh portions this fiscal twelvemonth merely before the confessions of Raju. It reminded the possibility that there may be people who must be cognizant of things to come and might hold offloaded their retention merely preliminary fiasco ( Agarwal, 2009 ) .Srinivas Vadlamani, the main fiscal officer of Satyam Computer Service, has been the most active in offloading the portions. Srinivas offloaded 92,358 portions in two episodes in September. Ram Mynampati, president of Satyam and a member of the board, besides offloaded 80,000 portions in three installments in May and June. Interestingly, during the past nine months, none of the top direction squad of Satyam has purchased its portions. The heavy merchandising of portions by the Satyam big-wigs in September was ab initio attributed to the developing uncertainness in the stinting scenario. However, put in the larger dodge of things, the sale could be a instance of insider trading. The tendency has asserted in December when 28,500 portions of the company were change by its senior functionaries. The most recent sellout was done by AS Murthy, main information officer, who sold 21,000 portions between December 12 and 15 ( Agarwal, 2009 ) .Mr. Raju inflated the history for increasi ng the monetary value of portions so that he and his confederates get maximal net incomes, in which he succeeded besides. The twenty-four hours this intelligence broke, the Satyam s portion was surging. Here, the SEBI and Ministry of bon ton Affairs excessively have failed in their assigned occupations. SEBI is the highest regulator and keeps shoot oculus on the activities of the capital markets. When the net incomes of this company were registering unnatural increase, thereby the monetary values of the portions were surging, they do non hold any effort, there has been a batch of chromaticity and call with regard to insider trading a ululation SEBI failed to listen to and it inflicted to a great extent on Satyam.Although insider trading per se is non illegal but it is unethical, furthermore when alliance s high functionary who were on portion selling fling must had the thought of what was traveling in the company.Raju had besides opened multiple benami ( silent person ) accoun ts through relations and friends and used them to merchandise in Satyam s portions, go againsting the insider trading norm. He used the company s proprietary information to reassign securities to his chum Suryanarayana Raju and to his female parent Appalanarsama Raju. Crime investigating Department ( CID ) of the Andhra Pradesh constabularies and Central bureaus has confirmed that the boosters indulged in insider trading of the company s portions. ( NDTV Correspondent,2009 )2.4 RationalizationIt may look easy to free this at first. Managers ever trust in themselves and in their accomplishments a batch, and believe that their company is essentially sound. They believe that they will do it up in the hereafter without anybody detecting it when there is a job and. They do everything to apologize their moves, their determinations in order to look guiltless. When the company faces the spread and unable to do it up, a larger deformation is needed to cover up,as Raju added in his missive . He bet that neither him nor the pull offing manager has benefitted in the fiscal footings on history of the hyperbolic consequences, even 1 rupee/dollar. Put otherwise, he claims that he did distort histories in order to maintain operating traveling at Satyam and to be able to supply prompt payments of salary.He besides gave an account to Maytas acquisition and rationalized it by claiming that he merely tried to make full the fabricated assets of Satyam with existent 1s. What is more, he verbalise Significant dividend payments, acquisitions and capital outgos to supply for growing did non assist affairs. He asserted these claims to happen an alibi for his fraud.2.5 Stakeholder AnalysisHarmonizing to new stakeholder theory, direction bears no extra fiducial relationships to third parties but have morally important nonfudiciary duties to 3rd parties. It means direction may never hold promised clients, employees a return on investing but obliged to take earnestly its extra-legal duties non to wound, lie to or rip off these stakeholders ( Goodpaster, 1991 ) .Until the fraud, the secret of Raju s keen success is thought to lie in his simple, yet extended direction metaphysical account that creates value, promotes entrepreneurship, focuses unrelentingly on the client and purposes at changeless chase of honesty for all stakeholders. The fraud showed that he is furthest off from this first-class image. He failed to keep his duties which are non to wound, lie or rip off the stakeholders. All stakeholders are lie and cheated with the falsified Numberss and studies for many old ages. In May, Satyam has merely over 40,000 employees, about each of them on the bench are in insecurity of losing employment at Satyam.Equally good as, clients of Satyam including Nestle, Nissan, in a large dough because they do nt desire to work with Satyam any longer but passage is besides hard for them. Furthermore IT industry participants, rivals and providers were lied, cheated and injured by SatyamSection 3 The Ironies in the Scandal & A The Awards of the Ceo3.1 SarcasmsThis dirt includes many sarcasms in it, from the name of the company to present the house and the Ceo receivedSatyam means legality in Sanskrit,Satyam earned a United Kingdom Trade and Investment India Business Award for Corporate Social Responsibility,Satyam got spherical Award for Excellence in Corporate judicature for 2008,In 2007 Ramalinga Raju was chosen as the best enterpriser of the twelvemonth by Ernst & A Young,Satyam was selected for the formal IT patron of the World Cup 2010-2014 by FIFA.3.2 Corporate AdministrationGolden peacock butterfly award was given to Satyam for its corporate administration criterions. This is the sarcasm of the state of affairs that a company which was considered the best in IT industry has such low corporate administration criterions. On top it the Board of Directors was non even apprised of even anything. Corporate Administration as defined is Corporate administration refers to the legal and accompanimentual model of the direction and monitor of companies. Corporate administration ordinances are gear towards transparence and therefore beef up the trust in direction and swear concentrating on value creative activity .There are few importance elements of corporate administration viz. Auditing, self-sustaining Directors, Regulators and Finally the Board including CEO itself. If we examine these components one by one, it would be quartz glass clear that all the components either failed or did non move as was required. The function of Price Waterhouse Coopers, the Auditing house of Satyam has been dealt.So, the Satyam fraud is unfolding and so are the built-in failings of Corporate Governance in India. The fraud has brought to illume the fact that in India the differentiation between proprietors and direction is still non really clear. Where the proprietors are besides the directors, such frauds are ever a possibility.Se ction 4 Conclusion and Suggestions4.1 What should hold been done, where did Raju make incorrectly?Satyam Computer company is a global company. The company has many clients all around the universe and the foreign investors come to India to put in the company. As being a large company, it requires a good corporate administration system and correlativity among parties of company.All of the parties should pass their responsibilities harmonizing to the contract with the company. So that the company will last, spread out its market portion and function their clients in a confidential mode. The Chief executive officer of the Satyam Computers and other people involved in the procedure was blamed for the immoral Acts of the Apostless which was blow uping hard currency and bank balances, accruing involvement that are non-existing, exaggerating debitors place in the books, graft, insider trading and etc. A company director is responsible to transport the company in the chase of net income a nd while seeking ways to increase net income the company should obey the legal issues and Torahs. Mr. Raju did non follow these rules that the company lost it s clients, value and damaged economically both in the place and foreign market. Mr. Raju used his self-assurance and power in an inappropriate ways. In this study, Satyam dirt and related ethical troth are evaluated in the visible radiations of different ethical rules. The major purpose was to integrate moralss into this existent life to be able to do judgement whether it is in form with or in misdemeanor of moral criterions. Moral duty and incrimination analysis showed that Mr. Raju is morally responsible for the incorrect with no extenuating factor even he tried to apologize his incorrect making in his missive. PwC and board of managers stay negligent about the issue by neglecting to take necessary actions, their carelessness may decrease their duty but can non wholly take. At the terminal of cost-benefit analysis, net p ublic-service corporation that produced by the dirt is found to be negative significance more costs over benefits so it is non a right action. Harmonizing to rights and justness.Raju s actions are unfair and contradict to Rawl s rules and besides violate Kant s first and 2nd preparation and rights of others. As a president of the company, Raju failed to populate up the responsibility to prosecute the ends of the house by moving on a struggle of involvement and merchandising company s stock on the footing of inside information. Besides new stakeholder analysis prove that Satyam direction failed to exert their duties toward the stakeholders which are non to wound, lie to or rip off the stakeholders. Raju s actions are immoral and he sacrificed being ethical purposefully for his ego involvement which lead us to set him into the Instrumental egoism phase of Kohlberg s moral development phases.4.2 Introduction of a Company Ethics ProgramAlthough Raju has an MBA Ohio University and is an alumna of Harvard Business School, he made the fraud, it shows the importance of holding common sense, the instruction does non count all the clip. Company Ethics Program should be hypothesize and each and every person should perpetrate this, Exercise of this plan should be followed and monitored persistently and systematically.Peoples should be trained, retrained until the rules are internalized, It besides showed us the importance of whistle blowing, The harm would be less if person blew the whistling earlier. Audited account houses should be more careful while analyzing the fiscal statements of the companies. In the terminal they besides have a large portion in this game and they are to faultWhistle blowing Whistleblower is a individual who raises a concern about erroneousness happening in an organisation or organic structure of people. Normally this individual would be from that same organisation. This misconduct can be classified in many ways such as a misdemeanor of a jurisprudence, regulation, ordinance and/or a direct menace to public involvement, such as fraud, health/ pencil eraser misdemeanors, and corruptness. Whistle blowers may do their allegations internally ( for illustration, to other people within the incriminate organisation ) or externally ( to regulators, jurisprudence enforcement bureaus, to the media or to groups concerned with the issues ) . 4